sundiata an epic of old mali - 816 Words

Amongst many other things, the epic is implicitly an exploration of what qualities define Sundiata as a hero, and by extension, what virtues are heroic. The most glaring is his strength. Even when he is crippled as a child and cannot walk, the boy has strong arms. But when he finally stands, he surprises everyone, bending an enormous rod to a bow and pulling a tree up by its roots. Another quality is his bravery, most clearly illuminated by his skill and grit in battle. But Sundiata has more than animal strength – he shows patience, interest in other peoples and ways, and humility before the magic of the world. Because of these qualities, he is more than a great hunter or warrior: he is a great king. The epic of Sundiata is told by the†¦show more content†¦Though Sundiata is successful in his battles, he cannot harm the sorcerer king because the latter has magical protections. Sundiata turns to magic for help, and through sacrifice is able to craft a magical arrow. In their largest battle, Sundiata nicks Soumaoro with the arrow and the sorcerer king loses his power. Soumaoro retreats and escapes. Accompanied by Fakoli, Soumaoros nephew who revolted after being betrayed by his uncle, Sundiata pursues Soumaoro for several days. They finally trap him in a cave with nowhere to go; they have won. After his victory, Sundiata defeats the kings who stayed loyal to the sorcerer king. He then returns to Niani and founds the Mali Empire, splitting it up to show respect for all the rulers who promise to serve him. The griot ends the epic by praising Sundiata and his rule of the golden age of the Mali Empire. He tells the audience that Mali is eternal and that reminders of history are everywhere, but only the griot can knowShow MoreRelated Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican history, Sundiata, in D.T. Nianes book Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. This book has become an entertaining, yet scrutinized, source about the history of Mali and its surrounding areas. Much scrutiny of this tale comes from those who question the validity of the griots, though Mamadou Kouyate is quick to point out that [His] word is pure and free of all untruth; it is the word of [his] father...griots do not know what lying is (Niane 1). If the context of the epic is true, then thereRead MoreSundiata: an Epic of Old Mali Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Sundiata: an Epic of Old Mali†: A Character Analysis of Sundiata. Sundiata is an oral epic passed from griot to griot. D.T. Ni ane’s Sundiata contains many powerful characters. Throughout the story Niane uses the strength and weaknesses of his characters to show the importance of destiny and fate. The character that holds his name to the story, Sundiata, is the son of King Maghan Kon Katta and the â€Å"buffalo† woman. Sundiata was prophesized to be a great leader and to save the people of Mali. SundiataRead MoreSundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Vs. The Odyssey971 Words   |  4 PagesSundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Vs. The Odyssey The definition of an epic hero can be defined as one who is triumphant in some manner that reflects the idea of his/her culture. â€Å"Heroes have always dominated mythology, fairy tales, nursery rhymes, history, and literature. No culture seems to lack tales of human, superhuman, or god-like heroes who save the innocent from the wicked, conquer evil, and deliver the threatened and oppressed† (Shunnaq). Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali and The Odyssey can beRead More Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali by Mamadou Kouyatà © 1068 Words   |  4 PagesSo in this book we are presented with an epic about a great King named Sundiata. We see that in those times griots were for the kings and for them to now were their ancestors came form so they know what it means to continue being a king. This book was brought from the words of a griot, so even in today’s society in Africa there are still griots around telling us stories and the epic such as the one we read in class this past week. Almost right into the book we see that a griot helps a king make discussionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Old Mali972 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis An Epic of Old Mali Sundiata: an Epic of Old Mali was written by D.T. Niane and translated by G.C. Pickett. D.T. Niane was a historian who received this version of Sundiata’s epic from Djeli Mamoudou Kouyatà ©, a griot. In fact, there is not a true author for this epic due to the fact that it has been transmitted orally for many years. This epic justly showed the type of culture Africa had at the time taken place and has defined the type of people who use to reside there. Sundiata: an Epic of OldRead MoreSundiata s The Mali Empire1524 Words   |  7 Pages Sundiata himself is the most significant contributor to the formation of the Mali empire, however, various women hold a background role that is vital to the series of occurring events that allow Sundiata to become the king of Mali and form the Mali empire. The buffalo woman, Sogolon, and Nana Triban are all female characters who allow Sundiata the ability to fulfill his prophecy and become the king of Mali. Besides Sundiata himself, these wo men have some of the most important roles as comparedRead MoreThe Odyssey And Sundiat An Epic Of Old Mali1328 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable or irresistible, course of events. (Google). Finally A journey is defined as an act of traveling from one place to another. (Google). While analyzing these two great epics I came across many similarities between the two main characters. In both epics The Odyssey and Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Odysseus and Sundiata embark on destined heroic conquest to fulfill their destiny. All throughout the two main characters quest, they encounter obstacles, and foes they must overcome in order toRead MoreDisneys the Lion King: Sundiata in Disguise?1691 Words   |  7 PagesLion King: Sundiata in Disguise? Over the course of this semester many of the literary works that have been read contained some source of message designed to both teach and improve either the reader or society. Amongst this collection of enlightening literary works, there have been a particular few that have illustrated this idea as well as highlighted particular historical facts about a specific civilization. One distinct book that has met both of these general objectives is Sundiata: An EpicRead MoreSyncretism: Adapting Religious Beliefs to Traditional Customs840 Words   |  4 Pagesreflected traditional beliefs and customs, also known as syncretism. The rise of rulers, such as Sundiata in Mali helps illustrate this process of partial adaptation, or syncretism, in order to get a boost of support from the subjects of the kingdom. The actions concerning syncretism, can be explanation of the rise of kings such as Sundiata. These examples can be seen through the texts â€Å"Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali†, â€Å"Worlds together, Worlds Apart†, and â€Å"Account of a Journey to the West†. As the worldRead MoreThe Functions of Griots - Sundiata Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesthe main source of information for the book Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali. The book focuses on the trials and tribulations of Sundiata, a legendary warrior, king, and founder of the Mali Empire; and the functions of griots in serving their king. Sundiata is born to Sogolon, and is supposed to become the king of Mali, but Sundiata cannot walk until he turns 11 years old, and his half brother, Dankaran Touman, becomes the king. Dankaran exiles Sundiata and his family, and Balla Fasseke, Sundiatas

The New Left Most Influential School of Thought - 1435 Words

American history is plagued by three differently focal schools of thought: Progressive, Neoconservative (consensus), and New Left. Because each represents a different time in history, the historical data is interpreted differently. Such is the case for immigration during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Due to the time in which these schools of thought came to be, ideas are carried off from one decade to another. The New Left is possibly the most influential school of thought in that it acknowledges everything stated in the latter two, while it also brings up new concepts. Predominantly in the period of 1910- 1945, Progressive historians were basically influenced by the Progressive movement. Ideals of these historians,†¦show more content†¦He accused them of criticizing the separateness of immigrants, while they themselves only sought to distance themselves (Handlin 214). Handlin is rather successful in bringing out the faults and stupidity of American peo ple during this time period. Another point that Handlin discusses is that really, no matter what immigrants did, they could never really be Americanized. He states that immigrants can not fit into the standard because you cannot make an American citizen out of a slum (Handlin 214). While children might have been to adapt more into society, the adults had a difficult time. Because adult immigrants were so accustomed to their native culture, it was hard for them to try to adapt the new cultural principles presented to them. Those principles were based on completely different religions, language, and style of living. Overall, Handlin was very successful in giving the reader a different view historical interpretation: he made them see some realities. The most recent school of thought is known as the New Left. This way of interpreting data came to be around the 1960s - 1970s. This school of thought is different in that it focuses on the conflicts of groups that had been previously ignor ed. As the Neoconservative movement identified more with the period before the Progressive school, the New Left tends to identify itself more with the latter. Its main focus was not agreement, stability, orShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Anthropology : Margaret Mead890 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Anthropology was not something I ever thought I would be interested in. During this class I have learned many new things about other people and how they live. This is by far my favorite class this semester and I just love hearing about other people’s way of life. So, with my newfound love for cultural anthropology I decided to write about one of the most influential female anthropologists. I decided to write about Margaret Mead. I want to discuss her early life. Then, move on to her lifeRead MoreThe Close Of The First World War1510 Words   |  7 PagesSoviet Union. This left a large void in previous centers of European socialist thought; most notably the ensuing vacuum of ideologi cal orientation among left-wing German intellectuals. This vacuum predicated the founding of the Frankfurt School at the Institut fà ¼r Sozialforschung. The theorists of the Frankfurt School quickly became a revitalizing force in orthodox western European Marxism. One of the most famous of the first generation critical theorists of the Frankfurt School was Herbert MarcuseRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory According to Freud and Adler1406 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology has produced a variety of influential theories. The major schools of thought in the field have distinct philosophical and empirical foundations which have shaped their goals as well as their methods. Although no particular school of thought has given us an exhaustive understanding of human psychology, each has produced ideas that are useful for understanding particular areas of it. The modern period of psychology has been dominated for the most part by the school of Behaviorism. The ideas ofRead MoreMy Best Friend Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesforget. Taking me back to friends and the friendships made, lost and kept - those influential friendships. Making me appreciate those who, without force, pushed me into things I otherwise may not have pushed myself into. Those types of friendships are what I think of most today. As luck would have it, friends of all types have journeyed into and out of my life. Some of them leaving behind mounds of rubbish and others who left frame-able memories. Friends come and go, but those who really implant theirRead MoreThe Three Important Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle836 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophers are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They have all said something that is still accepted in modern society. Socrates was a greek philosopher that lived from four-hundred-sixty-nine BCE to three-hundred-ninety-nine BCE. He is one of the most influential Greek philosophers. He created the socratic method which, is a method of thinking where a person asks a question in a circle. After the question is posed the rest of the circle goes around one by one answering the question. The way it worksRead MorePhilosophy and Heraclitus675 Words   |  3 Pagesto the puzzling nature of his writings, as well as the mocker or the reviler of the mob, due to his dislike for those who were not open-minded. Heraclitus has a huge contempt for humanity and politics. Therefore, towards the end of his life he left the city and went to live in isolation in the mountains in which he fed on plants and herbs. This caused him to contract dropsy which forced him to return to the city for treatment. He asked the doctors in a riddling way if they could change a rainstormRead MoreClark Hull s Influence On Society986 Word s   |  4 PagesClark Hull was born on May 24th, 1884 in Akron, New York and passed away on May 10th, 1952 in New Haven, Connecticut. Clark Hull did not have an easy upbringing. He was faced with different hardships that shaped his life. He was raised on a farm in Michigan and had very minimal education. Clark Hull was born to an Agrarian family and encountered religious conflicts within it. Because of this, Hull was adamant about getting a strong education. During school he found a liking for mathematics and geometryRead MoreAmerican Idealism in F. Scoot Fitzgerald ´s The Great Gatsby847 Words   |  3 Pagesmisinterpreted American Dream was portrayed throughout what is said to be one of Fitzgerald’s most influential works, The Great Gatsby. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in the great capital of Saint Paul, Minnesota. Born into an upper middle class family on September 24, 1896, Fitzgerald spent the first few years of his childhood life in Buffalo, New York due to his fathers job. While there, he Attended two schools, both Catholic, and was noted for his intense interest in literature and writing. VeryRead MoreEssay on Foundations of Education1649 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Benjamin Franklin is heralded as one of the greatest American philosophers as well as one of the most influential figures in American history. His fundamental desire for education and self-improvement would set an example for others to follow as well as establish a model for the educated American. He was also a major proponent of schools as both an ideological tool for indoctrinating members of other religions, as well as a method for assimilation of other races andRead MoreSteve Jobs Changed The World1054 Words   |  5 PagesJobs†). Steve Jobs, one of the most influential men to ever live on this Earth, believed in things that nobody else did, and he thought differently which led to him becoming successful. Fever few people, almost nobody, throughout Steve’s life believed he would make it far, and he By his way of thinking differently, Steve Jobs’ ideas completely changed the face of technology in the world around us that we know in t oday’s day, and he is responsible for the rapid and most productive development in the

Discussion of the Great Gatsby Setting Free Essays

Setting is one of the important elements and crucial parts in any literary pieces. It tells much about the world where the characters exist in. Moreover, it is important because it is the basis for the readers to judge the believability of the novel (Morgan). We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion of the Great Gatsby Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author added that the â€Å"the type of world†¦ will determine the reactions and behaviors of your characters. † The setting will also reflect the social mores of a particular culture. The setting is a very important tool in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby because it exposes the characters. Moreover, the setting emphasizes the character traits and themes which give meaning to the critical events. The novel has four settings. These are the West Egg, East Egg, New York City and the valley of ashes. Subsettings also exist within these major settings. East Egg is the more fashionable area of Long Island where the rich live. West Egg, on the other hand, is the less fashionable area of Long Island. The Valley of Ashes is a desolate wasteland while New York City is the place symbolizing America during the 1920s: anything goes in New York City. This is where affairs and parties are held These four major settings give the readers an idea about the values of the people who work or live there. For example, Nick ended up in West Egg because he did not have the money to purchase a house in East Egg. Gatsby is also in West Egg because his present credentials are not acceptable in East Egg. As a result, Nick left and Gatsby was ruined. The novel’s major settings correspond to a particular type of character or theme. For instance, West Egg is like Gatsby. It symbolizes the new rich and the aristocracy during the 1920s. East Egg is like the Buchanans, who enjoy high social status, are wealthy and powerful. The valley of ashes, on the other hand, is like George Wilson, desperate, without hope and reflects the American’s society’s moral decay. New York City is chaos, with its parties and affairs. How to cite Discussion of the Great Gatsby Setting, Papers

Marketing Consumer Behavior Psychological Factors

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Consumer Behaviorfor Psychological Factors. Answer: Introduction In this essay, the impact of psychological factors on the consumer behavior is going to be discussed. Tim tam is the brand of biscuits and its marketing totally depends upon the consumer and their behavior. It is very important for every organization to focus and understands the buying behavior of their consumers. In this essay, the impact of the behavior upon the young adults and well-being of Australia with regard to the products of Tim Tam will be analyzed. The Consumer perception and thought process affects their decisions. Every person in this world consumes daily use of things and buys those products according to their choice, preferences and the consumer buying behavior. There are two ways of examining the buying behavior of the consumers and these two ways are: General concepts of Psychology of the consumers and the personality of the consumers. For the purpose of marketing and analyzing the consumer behavior, the target market of Tim Tam is Australia and the profiled consumers of biscuits brand (Tim Tam) are mostly young adults and the wellbeing between the ages of 10-16 years. It is a clear fact that the marketing of Tim Tam is totally depends upon the consumer behavior and their satisfaction. Marketing is incomplete without the customer satisfaction. As a result of which, the consumer behavior analysis is becoming a necessity of Tim Tam in Australia. It is analyzed that for Tim Tam the target customers are young adults and the parents of the small children and well-being. The segmentation part of the marketing concept makes it clear that the different segments of the market which is focused by the marketers. General concepts of the Psychological factors of the consumers involves Perceptions, Learning, Attitudes and persuasion. Perception is the way in which consumers perceive or think about the things. The marketer of the tim tam brand tries to analyze the perception of the consumers. Perception of every person to analyze the things is very different. The perception is defined in many ways by the different authors. In simple words, the perception word is defined as the feeling, selection and the judgment of the motivation that the consumer gets from its outer world. The marketer of the TimTam brand find out that the perception of the consumers based on the two factors, one is stimulus features and the other one is consumer characteristics. As per the study and analysis, the material characteristics of the Tim Tam product like its packing, size, color etc. attracts many consumers. The physical appearance of any material forces the consumers to give a thought to purchase the item like in the case of Tim Tam biscuits. The packing and its attractive shape attracts change its kids and young people to change the ir mind (Song, 2011). Perception is called as the best way to know about the world and add meaning to it by our thinking abilities. Every consumer has different thinking and different way to see the TimTam as a brand name. It is very rare that consumers having the same thinking about the Tim Tam as brand, because some people like to have these biscuits others dont. Talking about the Tim Tam, there are many consumers who buy the biscuits only on the basis of their perception. The reason behind this is decided to purchase the biscuits is affected by the perception of the people. Perception of consumers is all game of senses as consumers understand the situation only on the basis of the information the consumer receives through its senses (Cheung, et al., 2013). Apart from this, learning is the gain of experience to analyze the change in the consumer behavior of the Tim Tam biscuits. The perception and the learning are interrelated to each other as perception in every situation is influenced by the experienc e of the marketers and researchers of the TimTam. As a result of this, the framework is obtained that will consist the new set of expectations. Moreover, the Tim tam biscuit brands need to maintain the balance between the new expectations or new learned stimuli and the past stimuli. Comparison between the both the stimulis is essential to take better decisions about the consumer buying behavior (Schuster, 2013). The learning theory is very significant for the marketers because they can create demand of the biscuits by using some techniques of motivation. The same options can also be applied to make a control on the competitors. This is because it is very easy to transform the buyers interests from one to another. The brand loyalty of consumers is a great advantage for the organization.Learning further divided into two forms: First one is experimental learning is totally based on the experience of the marketers. Experimental learning stands for the change in the behavior because of t he experience. Conceptual learning is opposite to the experimental learning as this learning believes in the concepts and information rather than direct experience. The word attitude is defined as positive or negative evaluations of the individuals, emotions and to take an action towards some idea. The marketers of the Tim Tam have shown the interest in the beliefs and attitudes of the individuals. The reason of this interest of marketers in the beliefs that people have for the Tim Tam is to make a brand image of the biscuits that affect the purchasing behavior of the consumers. If some of the people think something wrong about the Tim Tam products, then its a responsibility of company to launch a campaign to make them correct about the products. As some consumers have faith in that the Tim Tam biscuits are best in tastes and healthy for the children and young adults. These beliefs and attitude of the customers towards the Tim Tam biscuits are based on the information, faith and knowledge and leads to the good brand image of the company (Ganga, 2011). Furthermore, the attitude of the people regarding food, tastes, religion, politics, etc. would also influence the behavior of the human beings. This attitude will have the favorable impact on the behavior if the attitude is positive otherwise it will have vice versa. The marketers of the Tim Tam try to make the positive attitude and favorable behavior about the products. Persuasion is the other factor that greatly affects the behavior of the people. The marketers or the salesperson of the TimTam applied the theory of persuasion that means to influence the consumers towards the product or item in a positive way by telling him the positive aspects of the products (Vasquez, et al., 2013). The Marketers of Tim Tam biscuits can influence the people and change their behavior by attracting their consumers. To persuade the consumers, it is important that the communication channel should be strong of the TimTam to get the better results. This second concept of the personality of the consumer behavior includes the motivation, personality traits of the customers and their lifestyles. These all are the internal influences that have a great impact and these are used by the TimTam to attract the customers and to meet the needs of the people. Personality represents the individuals traits and characteristics and it is a combination of the physical as well as the psychological features of the TimTAm consumers to lead to constant behavior. The different types of characteristics in the human being are like- confident, ambitious, socially interactive, flexible, hard working, good learner and curious about thing etc. The Tim Tam brand requires focusing on each type of personality (Mutlu, 2007). Talking about the lifestyle of an individual also plays an important role as to change the behavior of the TimTam consumers. Lifestyle means the style of living their daily life and it helps the marketer of TimTam to judge about their tas tes. As per our study, the lifestyle of people also depicts their personality, tastes and their behavior. Self concept refers to portraying the image that he wants to be with like someone or an individual has the same value. For example, Tim Tam builds its image as a brand of chocolate biscuits that attract the children and the adults of the ages between 12 to 16 years (Rani, 2014). It is a universal truth that there dwells a certain number of needs in humans and those needs are met in a certain order. The needs start from basic needs and reach to the highest need called self actualization and also known as transcendence needs. The marketers of the TimTam applies the theory of maslow to understand the needs of the consumers. The hierarchy needs represented by Maslow starts from the basic needs which include food shelter and clothing. The next comes is safety needs and it include safety of health of one own self and also closed ones, employment etc. The pyramid goes up and comes belonging needs which include affection, love, belongings. Fourth is esteem needs and that includes self esteem, achievements, respect for and by others. The last is self actualization needs where the person has realized his full potential and includes morality, creativity and acceptance of surrounding things etc. If the marketer of the TimTam understands all the needs given by the Maslow , then he will understand the behavior of the people very easily. The Tim Tam snacks and chocolate biscuits are also the necessity of the people. These are the basic needs of the people (Rizwan, et al., 2014). Overall, the concept of psychological concepts and their impact on the consumer behavior has been discussed and the marketers of the Tim Tam also need to understand all these behaviors for the proper marketing and promotion of the brands. The marketers or salesperson should keep in mind some points to have the positive results in Australia. Some of the suggestions for the Marketer of the Tim Tam (a brand of Chocolate biscuits) are that the marketer should understand the needs of the consumers as the biscuit is the product that people use in its daily routines as breakfast or snacks (Durmaz, 2014). There should be strong communication channel between the consumer and the TimTam organization. The marketer should promote its products by launching campaigns and try to resolve the negativity about the product. The reason for not liking the product should also be noticed so that the company would produce some more innovative biscuits and snacks.It is recommended that the Marketer should fo cus on other groups of generation except children and young adults. The parents should be the target for the sale of maximum products. The marketer should promote their products by offering them some discounts and motivating them to buy the product. There should be proper follow up of the customer feedback is important.Tim tam brand value is very important to know the behavior of the consumers. The marketer should maintain that same brand image with consumers. This essay outlines all the psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. It is concluded that consumer is the start of the marketing process and the satisfaction of the consumer is the end of the marketing concept. In this essay, the analysis of the consumer behavior is done with regard to the Tim Tam brand of the Biscuits and the target market is Australia. It is very important for every organization to focus and understands the buying behavior of their consumers. In this essay, the impact of the behavior upon the young adults and well-being of Australia with regard to the products of Tim Tam is analyzed. The lifestyle of an individual also plays an important role as to change the behavior. Lifestyle means the style of living their daily life and it helps the marketer to judge about their tastes. The lifestyle of people also depicts their personality, tastes and their behavior. In this essay, it is analyzed that the physical appearance of any material forces the consumers to give a thought to purchase the item like in the case of Tim Tam biscuits. At last, all the psychological factors like perception, attitudes, motivation, emotions, self concept, beliefs of the consumers and their lifestyle are important to understand the behavior of the consumers as these all factors have positive as well as negative effects. References Cheung, C., Kwong, T. Limayem, M., 2013. Online Consumer Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research, Available at: https://ejournal.narotama.ac.id/files/9.pdf Durmaz, Y., 2014. The Impact of Psychological Factors on Consumer Buying Behavior and an Empirical Application in Turkey: Canadian Center of Science and Education, Available at: https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/viewFile/34697/19818https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/en/ih_books/single/en_Consumer_Behavior.pdf Ganga, S., 2011. Consumer Behaviour and SMS Advertising, Available at: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/72326/11/11_chapter2.pdf Mutlu, N., 2007. Consumer attitute and behavior towards organic food, Available at: https://orgprints.org/13727/1/MasterThesis-ConsumerStudy-TR-DE.pdf Rani, P., 2014. Factors influencing consumer behaviour. IJCRAR Journal, 2(9), pp. 52-61. Rizwan, M., Umair, S., Bilal, H. SajidBhatti, M., 2014. Determinants of customer intentions for online shopping. Journal of Sociological Research, 5(1), pp. 1-25 Schuster, L., 2013. Consumers behavioural responses toward technology-based social products, Available at: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62030/2/Lisa_Schuster_Thesis.pdf Song, Z., 2011. Understanding the Link between Consumer Decision-making Style and Online Apparel Purchasing. Journal of software, October, 6(10), pp. 2068-2075. Vasquez, B., Malan, A., Madsen, I. Wismer, K., 2013. Tim Tam Media Plan: US Launch, Available at: https://ashleymalanportfolio.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/2/5/12254579/timtam_final_booklet.pdf